Effect of Chemical Activator Concentration on the Quality of Activated Carbon from Polypropylene Plastic
Abstract
Plastic is versatile, durable, and adaptable. Handling plastic waste, which is currently being researched and developed extensively, is converting it into active carbon. This research aims to determine the effect of the chemical activator concentration on the quality of activated carbon from polypropylene (PP) plastic. The conversion of PP plastic into functional carbon materials is a promising and economical paradigm. The carbonation method was chosen. The instrumentation employed in this investigation comprised an analytical balance, scissors, furnace, 100-mesh sieve, oven, desiccator, centrifuge tube, Erlenmeyer flask, buret, volumetric pipettes (10, 20, and 50 ml), 1000-ml volumetric flask, weighing bottle, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) apparatus. The main material used in this research is PP (polypropylene) plastic waste. The chemicals used were distilled water, KOH, and K2CO3 (1, 2, 3, and 4 M), 1-M HCL, 0.1-N iodine solution, 0.1-N sodium thiosulfate (NA2S2O3) solution, and 1% starch indicator. The quality assessment was conducted by evaluating the water content and iodine absorption. Then, for the chemical activator, KOH and K2CO3 were used at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 M, respectively. The feasibility test for activated carbon consists of an I2 absorption test and a water content test. PP plastic waste can be used as an adsorbent in the form of activated carbon. The iodine test and water content absorbed from each activated carbon sample activated using KOH and K2CO3 chemical activators at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 M met the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standards regarding activated carbon quality requirements, i.e., the minimum absorbed iodine was 700 mg/g. The activator with the highest concentration, specifically 4 M, yielded the greatest iodine absorption results, with values of 922.76 mg/g for KOH and 901.51 mg/g for K2CO3, respectively. Regarding water content, the results indicated that the highest concentration of activator corresponded to the lowest water content, namely 6% for 4-M KOH and 10% for 4-M K2CO3. This result shows that the greater the activator concentration, the greater the iodine absorption capacity, and the greater the activator concentration, the lower the water content.
Keywords: active carbon; carbonization; waste; polypropylene
DOI:10.62321/issn.1000-1298.2024.08.05
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