Combining Ability Analyses of Diallel Crosses among Black, Red, and White Rice of Javanica and Japonica Types for Developing New Promising Lines of Rice
Abstract
Cross-breeding between varieties followed by the selection of progenies having good characteristics is one of the crop breeding techniques for developing new promising cultivars. This study aimed to determine the general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and gene action of various quantitative characteristics in complete diallel crosses among various types of rice, namely RI (red-indica), BI (black-indica), WI (white-indica), RJ (red-japonica), BJ (black-japonica), and WJ (white-japonica), in a field experiment testing the parents, F1 and reciprocals. The results indicated that the RI parent is the best combiner for high filled but low unfilled grain number, low plant height, early flowering, and high grain yield, while the WI parent is the best combiner for high filled but low unfilled grain number, low plant height, and early flowering. However, all parent genotypes showed additive gene action, suggesting that advanced selection is the best technique for developing promising lines, and consecutive selection while adapting to different growing conditions, the promising line from the RI x BI crossing combination produced a high-yielding black-rice line (G4/15) with yield potential of 6.60 ton/ha under conventional, 8.66 ton/ha under aerobic irrigation system on raised beds (AISR), or 14.53 ton/ha under AISR intercropped with peanut. These findings suggest that consecutive selection of a promising F1 showing additive gene action while adapting it to specific growing conditions for several generations could produce a high-performance promising line of black rice. Although it takes a long time, these combined techniques can be used while producing rice, even by uneducated but trained farmers in their rice fields.
Keywords: black rice; red rice; white rice; diallel cross; combining ability
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