Screening of Elite Lines and Tolerant Maize Genotypes to Increase the Productivity of Acid Mineral Soils
Abstract
The growing demand for maize can be met by using acid soils along with high yielding tolerant varieties. The research objective is to increase the productivity of maize in acid soils. The first phase of the research was conducted in March 2021 at the Indonesian Cereals Research Institute (ICERI) seed laboratory using the hydroponic method. The second phase of the experiment was conducted from March to June 2021 at the Bontobili Agricultural Research Installation, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The field research used 81 genetic materials in the simple Latin design (9x9x2), placed into two experimental sites, normal and acid soils. The results of the laboratory experiment showed that the root growth of good acid-tolerant maize seeds supported the growth of good plant shoots (r = 0.96, P < 005). Based on the stress tolerance index (STI), 21 genetic material (genotypes) and 4 lines (No. 29, 43, 59, and 80) were obtained, which were filtered with soil acidity and produced an average range of seeds of 2.15-6.81 t ha-1 at 15% seed moisture content. There were five acid-tolerant genotypes that had STI values > 0.5 with seed yields > 6.0 t ha-1 and higher than cultivars NK 212 or Sukmaraga as check plants. The tolerant genotype was MAL 03x122. MAL 03x205, MAL 03x208, MAL 03x59 and MAL 03x11. These five genotypes could be further tested to obtain acid-tolerant hybrid maize varieties and contribute to increasing the corn productivity of acid dry land.
Keywords: screening; elite lines; genotype; tolerant corn; acid soil
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