Growth Response of Indigenous Arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea L.) at Four Shading Levels and Seven Watering Intervals
Abstract
Arrowroot is a shade-tolerant crop; however, there is limited information on its tolerance to waterlogging and drought stress. This study determines the response of indigenous arrowroot growth to waterlogging and drought stress under shading conditions. This research was conducted at Jambegede Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Malang, Indonesia, from September 2022 to March 2023. The experiment consisted of shading intensity as the main plot and water treatment as a subplot. The shading intensity consisted of four levels (0, 25, 50, and 75%). The water treatment consisted of seven levels (15, 10, and 5 days of waterlogging; 5 days (control), 10, 15, and 20 days of watering interval). The treatments were arranged in a split-plot in a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that shading stress (25–75%) and watering intervals (15 days of waterlogging and watering every 20 days) suppressed the vegetative and generative growth of arrowroot. Shading stress influenced the number of mature roots, root length, root weight, root volume, stem weight, stem diameter, leaf weight, and leaf area. Watering stress influenced the number of mature and adventitious roots, plant height, stem weight, leaf number, leaf fresh weight, total leaf area, tuber weight, and biomass weight. The fluctuation of the leaf pigment content influenced the tuber weight. Waterlogging for 15 days reduced the tuber fresh weight, whereas watering every 20 days showed vegetative growth and tuber fresh weight similar to those of the control plants. Arrowroot plants were more tolerant to drought than waterlogging; therefore, these plants were suitable for cultivation under shading in marginal lands with limited water supply.
Keywords: arrowroot; chlorophyll; drought; shading; tuber yield; waterlogging; water stress
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