Optimal Amount of Irrigation and Fertilization under Drip Fertigation for Tomato

Wang Xiukang, Xing Yingying, Zhang Fucang

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 to determine the effects of irrigation and fertilization on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., cv. ‘Jinpeng 10’) growth, yield and water use 〖JP3〗efficiency. Three levels of irrigation (W1: 100%ET0; W2: 75%ET0; W3: 50%ET0) and three fertilization〖JP〗 levels (F1: N 240-P2O5 120-K2O 150 kg/hm2; F2: N 180-P2O5 90-K2O 1125 kg/hm2; F3: N 120-P2O5 60-K2O 75 kg/hm2) were combined with three replications of fertigation. There was no significant effect factor on plant height and stem diameter of the interaction of irrigation and fertilization, but the stem diameter was significantly higher at W1F1 treatment, and there was a positive correlation between fertilization rate and stem diameter. The F2 treatment had the highest leaf extension rate, while the fertilization rate had significant effect on leaf extension rate, and the sensitivity of the fertilization was greater than that of the irrigation treatment. There was an important impact of the fertilization rate on dry matter accumulation, but the irrigation level did not follow this trend. The influence of fertilization on dry matter accumulation was greater than that of irrigation. The interaction of irrigation and fertilization had significant effect on root shoot ratio, and the F2 treatment had the highest average root shoot ratio compared with F1 and F3 treatments. The single factors of irrigation or fertilization significantly affected the tomato yield and water use efficiency, and the interaction of fertilization and irrigation had a great significant effect on the yield. The average tomato yield in W1 was 5.99%, 13.54% higher than those in W2, W3 treatments in 2012. Tomato fruit number was positively related to tomato yield, but the single fruit weight had no correlation with fruit yield. The crop water consumption was positively related to irrigation amount, and there was no significant trend between fertilization rate and crop water consumption, while fertilization rate had an obvious promoting effect on crop water consumption. According to the field experimental and comprehensive consideration of tomato yield and water use efficiency, the recommended irrigation amount was ranged from 151.12mm to 207.76 mm, and 〖JP2〗fertilization rate was ranged from 453.58kg/hm2 to 461.08 kg/hm2(upper limit: 〖JP3〗N 21345-P2O5 10672-K2O 133.41 kg/hm2; lower limit: N 21698-P2O5 10849-K2O 135.61 kg/hm2).


Keywords: tomato, water use efficiency, dry matter, drip fertigation, multiple regression


 

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