Evaluation of Genetic Advance in Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) Based on Purple Pod Selection
Abstract
Rising awareness of the health-promoting properties of plant-derived bioactive compounds has stimulated strong interest in vegetables with elevated anthocyanin content. Anthocyanins, as natural antioxidants, help alleviate oxidative stress, reduce the risk of chronic disease, and increase the functional value of human diets. This study aimed to improve the nutritional quality of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) by enhancing the frequency and intensity of purple pod pigmentation through targeted selection. A genetic improvement program was implemented using a cross between a purple-podded parent (MDM 1.2) and a green-podded parent (PLB 2.3). Population selection from the F3 to F4 generations was combined with anthocyanin quantification to assess genetic advance. Selection resulted in a marked increase in individuals expressing purple pod traits, with a 34.09% increase in pods exhibiting purple dots and a 1.71% increase in fully deep purple pods. This phenotypic shift demonstrates effective selection for anthocyanin-associated traits. Moreover, pod colour intensity showed a strong positive association with anthocyanin accumulation in other organs, including the corolla, calyx, pod wings, and seeds. Anthocyanin analysis confirmed that deep purple pods contained up to 61.37 ppm anthocyanins, exceeding the 34.54 ppm observed in the purple-podded parent. Notably, genotypes KPU 142.3 and KPU 110.1 emerged as promising lines, as both surpassed MDM 1.2 in anthocyanin concentration. These findings indicate that phenotypic selection for pod pigmentation is an efficient strategy to enhance anthocyanin content in winged bean. The study contributes to breeding approaches for nutrient-dense cultivars and is novel in integrating visual selection with biochemical validation in an underutilized legume crop.
Keywords: genetic advance; winged bean; purple pod; phenotypic selection; anthocyanin content.
DOI：https://doi.org/10.62321/issn.1000-1298.2025.10.1
Download Full Text:
PDFReferences
PUSPITASARI DJ, PEURU FP, PRISMAWIRYANTI, et al. Comparison of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) seeds and moringa (Moringa oleifera) seeds on the nutritional value of winged bean tempeh. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. American Institute of Physics Inc.; 2023 [2025 Jul 20]. Available from: /aip/acp/article/2642/1/070002/2872795/Comparison-of-winged-bean-Psophocarpus
SUSANTI D, MELATI M, KURNIAWATI A. Yield and quality of two varieties of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) with different harvest ages of young pods. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium Southeast Asia Vegetable 2021 (SEAVEG 2021). Atlantis Press International BV; 2023. p. 423–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-028-2_44
CHANKAEW S, SRIWICHAI S, RAKVONG T, et al. The first genetic linkage map of winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] and QTL mapping for flower-, pod-, and seed-related traits. Plants. 2022,11(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11040500
SPEER H, D’CUNHA NM, ALEXOPOULOS NI, MCKUNE AJ, NAUMOVSKI N. Anthocyanins and human health—a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation and disease. Antioxidants. 2020,9(5),1–13. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050366
BUNLUEPHAN M, CHUENDUANG C, SUAMUANG S, et al. Non-destructive estimation of anthocyanin content in yardlong bean based on tristimulus values and reflectance spectra. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol. 2023,23(4),1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332023v23n4a36
HO WK, TANZI AS, SANG F, et al. A genomic toolkit for winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus. Nat Commun. 2024,15(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45048-x
BEGNA T. Conventional breeding methods widely used to improve self-pollinated crops. Int J Res Stud Agric Sci. 2021,7(1),1–16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0701001
DILEEP K, ABDUL F, VISWANATHA K, et al. Assessment of genetic variability parameters among the F2 population of a cross between jaya × isogenic line of MTU1010 for yield and its component traits in rice. J Rice Res. 2023,15(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.58297/XQHH9504
ABADI HK, MUSTIKARINI ED, PRAYOGA GI. Parameter genetik hasil persilangan jagung bersari bebas untuk mendapatkan galur berbiji ungu. J Ilmu Pertan Indones. 2021,26(3),450–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.3.450
WONU N, UYODHU AV EDEMA. Test of significance of correlation coefficient in science and educational research. Int J Math Stat Stud. 2021,9(2),53–68. Available from: https://doi.org/10.37745/ijmss.13
DAI W, GIRDTHAI T, HUANG Z, KETUDAT-CAIRNS M, TANG R, WANG S. Genetic analysis for anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents in rapeseed. Ciência Rural. 2016,46(5),790–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150564
YANG Y, WU Z, WU Z, et al. A near-complete assembly of asparagus bean provides insights into anthocyanin accumulation in pods. 2023,2473–89. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14142
DONG Y, WU X, HAN L, et al. The potential roles of dietary anthocyanins in inhibiting. Nutrients. 2022,14(14),1–17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142836
KUSMIYATI F, PUTRA FP, SAS MGA, WAHYUDHI A, ARIANTO A, MUKHLIS M. Morphology traits and yield components of F8 morphology traits and yield components of F8 yardlong bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L . Ssp . Sesquipedalis ) in Jambi Province. In: Earth and Environmental Science. 2025. p. 1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1460/1/012016
ANAND A, SUBRAMANIAN M, KAR D. Breeding techniques to dispense higher genetic gains. Front Plant Sci. 2023,13(January),1–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1076094
WANG F, CHEN J, TANG R, et al. Research progress on anthocyanin-mediated regulation of ‘black’ phenotypes of plant organs. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023,45(9),7242–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45090458
CHEBIB J, GUILLAUME F. Pleiotropy or linkage? Their relative contributions to the genetic correlation of quantitative traits and detection by multitrait GWA studies. Genetics. 2021,219(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab159
RIGON CAG, RIGON JPG, CAPUANI S. Correlation and path analysis as an indirect selection criterion for sunflower achene productivity | Correlação e análise de trilha como critério de seleção indireta para produtividade de aquênios de girassol. Biosci J. 2014,30(5),768–73.
HIYWOTU AM, ABATE A, WOREDE F. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and yield components of some Ethiopian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions. Acta Agric Slov. 2023,119(1),1–11.
EAGLETON GE, TANZI A., MAYES S, et al. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.). In: Neglected and underutilized crops. United Kingdom: Academic Press; 2023. p. 437–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90537-4.00022-3
FRADGLEY N, GARDNER KA, BENTLEY AR, et al. Multi-trait ensemble genomic prediction and simulations of recurrent selection highlight importance of complex trait genetic architecture for long-term genetic gains in wheat. In Silico Plants. 2023,5(1),1–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/insilicoplants/diad002
NEYHART JL, LORENZ AJ, SMITH KP. Multi-trait improvement by predicting genetic correlations in breeding crosses. G3 Genes, Genomes, Genet. 2019,9(10),3153–65. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400406
CUI B, HU Z, ZHANG Y, et al. Anthocyanins and flavonols are responsible for purple color of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet pods. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2016,103,183–90. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.011
DO VG, LEE Y, KIM JH, et al. The synergistic effects of environmental and genetic factors on the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in plant tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2023,24(16). Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612946
BARS-CORTINA D, SAKHAWAT A, PIÑOL-FELIS C, MOTILVA MJ. Chemopreventive effects of anthocyanins on colorectal and breast cancer: A review. Semin Cancer Biol. 2022,81(December 2020),241–58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.013
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
